Investigating the Performance of Lithium-Doped Bismuth Ferrite [BiFe1−xLixO3]-Graphene Nanocomposites as Cathode Catalyst for the Improved Power Output in Microbial Fuel Cells

In this study, multifunctional lithium-doped bismuth ferrite [BiFe1−xLixO3]-graphene nanocomposites (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were synthesized by a sol-gel and ultrasonication assisted chemical reduction method. X-ray diffraction FESEM electron microscopy techniques disclosed the nanocomposite phase nanocrystalline nature of nanocomposites. The images EDX elemental mapping revealed characteristic integration BiFe1−xLixO3 nanoparticles (with an average size 95 nm) onto 2D graphene layers. Raman spectra evidenced nanostructures in photocatalytic performances assessed for ciprofloxacin (CIP) photooxidation under UV-visible light illumination. efficiencies measured to be 42%, 47%, 43%, 10%, x 0.06, respectively, within 120 min illumination, whereas pure BiFeO3 21.0%. blended with explored as cathode material tested microbial fuel cell (MFC). linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis showed that high surface area was attributed efficient oxygen reaction (ORR) activity. increasing loading rates (0.5–2.5 mg/cm2) composite on power output, 2.5 2 mg/cm2 achieving maximum volumetric density 8.2 W/m3 8.1 W/m3, respectively. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) among different used BiFeO3, rate mg/cm2, lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct). study results potential cost-effective alternative field-scale MFC applications.